Common, treatable, and easily managed. Here's what you need to know.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) isn't technically an STI—it's an imbalance of the normal bacteria in the vagina. Instead of the usual protective bacteria (like Lactobacillus), other bacteria overgrow and cause problems. It's super common: roughly 1 in 3 women of reproductive age experience it at some point.
BV develops when the delicate balance of vaginal bacteria shifts. Common triggers include:
Classic sign: A strong, fishy-smelling vaginal discharge that's usually grey or white. You might also notice:
Important: About 50% of people with BV have no symptoms at all. It's often picked up during routine testing.
Your doctor or sexual health clinic can diagnose BV with a simple vaginal swab or by looking at vaginal fluid under a microscope. Testing is quick and straightforward.
BV is treated with antibiotics, either as a cream, gel, or oral medication (metronidazole or clindamycin). Treatment usually takes 5–7 days and works well. Some people need a longer course or prophylactic treatment if BV keeps recurring.
Note: Partners don't usually need treatment, since BV isn't sexually transmitted. However, some partners may experience irritation from the bacterial imbalance, so communication helps.
Some people have BV that keeps coming back. If this happens, your clinic can discuss strategies like:
Untreated BV can increase your risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and complications during pregnancy. It's worth treating, especially if you're planning to conceive.
BV is straightforward to diagnose and treat. If you have symptoms or concerns, Irish sexual health clinics and GPs can help. It's nothing to be embarrassed about—it's one of the most common things clinicians see.